Fluids are beneficial when needed but harmful in excess. Determining when to give fluids is a foundational critical care skill. This ICU OnePager reviews how to measure CO including invasive techniques (pulse pressure variation, pulse contour analysis, pulmonary artery catheters), ultrasound techniques (LVOT and carotid VTI, IVC distensibility) and less invasive technqiues (NICOM, End-Tidal CO2, etc). It also discusses the maneuvers that we can perform to test for fluid responsiveness: Passive Leg Raise (PLR), Mini-bolus, PEEP challenge, and End-Expiratory Occlusion (EEO). As a bonus, we talk about emerging techniques (fluid tolerance testing, VEXUS) as well as some techniques that just refuse to die (CVP, IVC size, PCWP, etc)

This OnePager reviews the basics of transfusion, the special types of blood products that can be ordered, and the transfusion reactions that can occur.

Five potentially life threatening toxidromes (sympathomimetic overdose, anticholinergic overdose, serotonin syndrome, neuroleptic malignant syndrome, and malignant hyperthermia) can all present with overlapping clinical features: hyperthermia, altered mental status/seizures, rhabdomyolysis. This OnePager reviews the features of each with historical/exam pearls to differentiate.

This ICU OnePager summarizes the timing & presentation of symptoms, how to evaluate them (PAWSS, CIWA, AWS), and provides an algorithm for how to treat with either benzodiazapines or phenobarbital.

Intra-aortic balloon pumps are an important and widely used method of invasive hemodynamic support. This ICU OnePager explains how they work & the effect on the patients physiology. It also covers important concepts like augmentation, triggers, and timing.

Rapidly determining the etiology of shock is a core ICU skill, requiring integration of physiology, history, exam, and POCUS. This ICU OnePager provides a framework for thinking about shock that you can use to categorize it.

Tracheostomies are airways inserted directly into the trachea, that can facilitate weaning from mechanical ventilation and sedation. This #OnePager describes the indications, contraindications, and details of performing of percutaneous dilational tracheostomy (PDT), the most common bedside technique for tracheostomy.

Neuromuscular blockers (NMBs) can be a useful adjunct to improve oxygenation and (maybe) reduce mortality in severe ARDS. This ICUOnePager describes the physiology of muscle relaxation in ARDS, explains how to safely use NMBs as well as some basics about associated monitoring equipment

This OnePager summarizes the goals of enteral nutrition (EN) in the ICU and answers some important questions like when should we start EN (early), for whom (almost everyone), and should we worry about gastric residuals (nope!)

Pulmonary Renal syndromes are both complex and potentially life threatening, making rapid and accurate diagnosis essential but challenging. This ICU OnePager reviews the pathogenesis and differential diagnosis. It also explains how diffuse alveolar hemorrhage (DAH) is diagnosed and how to interpret ANCA testing and renal pathology.