Evidence based approach to the management of pulmonary embolism including high risk and intermediate high-risk cases. Systemic thrombolysis and catheter-directed therapies.

The PADIS guidelines recommend a structured approach to managing pain and sedation in critically ill adults, using routine assessments and prioritizing pain management. In this presentation, we will discuss sedation strategies based on the 2018 PADIS guidelines.

The RASS score system, or Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale is a validated, evidence-based tool employed in the assessment of sedation and agitation in critically ill patients. By providing a standardized measure, it assists intensivists in optimizing patient care, guiding therapeutic interventions, and monitoring patient responses over time.

The SCCM ICU Liberation Bundle recommends four primary non-pharmacologic methods: massage therapy, cold therapy, music and sound, and relaxation therapy. These interventions can be carried out by nurses and aim to complement pharmacological therapy.

In patients where self-reporting of pain is possible, a visual analog scale or numerator rating scale and a behavioral pain scale for non-intubated patients can be used. For patients who are unable to self-report, a behavioral pain scale and a critical care pain observation tool or CPOT should be used.

The basic principles of pain management in the ICU involve employing an assessment-driven and protocol-based approach. This approach should be holistic, utilizing standardized assessment tools and a combination of non-pharmacological and pharmacological interventions.

This presentation aims to offer an overview of ICU sleep, concentrating on sleep patterns within the ICU, the factors contributing to sleep disturbances, and the initiatives within the ICU aimed at promoting better sleep, encompassing environmental, nonpharmacological, and pharmacological approaches

Delirium is a form of acute brain dysfunction encountered in critically ill adults and it is associated with a significant morbidity and mortality.

The use of the Confusion Assessment Method for the Intensive Care Unit (CAM-ICU) as a tool to screen and monitor for delirium in the ICU.

In this presentation, I will present the pharmacology of the main sedatives used in the intensive care unit including benzodiazepine, propofol, dexmedetomidine, and ketamine.

No intervention or group of interventions reliably prevents delirium; however, multicomponent, nonpharmacologic interventions that manage many of the modifiable risk factors appear to reduce the incidence of delirium.

Treatment of underlying conditions causing delirium in addition to exploration of evidence regarding dexmedetomidine and antipsychotic use for delirium treatment.