Hemodynamics Management

The way we interact with technology has undergone a dramatic transformation in recent years. No longer limited to keyboards, touchscreens, or static commands, we now find ourselves speaking naturally to machines—and, in many cases, getting meaningful responses. At the heart of this shift is Conversational Artificial Intelligence (AI), a field that combines machine learning, natural language processing, and advanced computing to make digital communication feel increasingly human.

Conversational AI is the technology that allows computers to engage in dialogue with people. Whether it’s through a chatbot on a website, a voice assistant like Alexa or Siri, or a virtual agent handling customer support, conversational AI works to understand human language, interpret intent, and respond in a way that feels intuitive. It bridges the gap between humans and machines, turning digital interfaces into interactive companions.

The science behind this technology is both fascinating and complex. When a user speaks or types a…

Case of eldrly male with DM, HTX.

came with bil scattered embolic stroke

• Vt Challenge:

• A transient increase in Vt from 6 mL/kg to 8 mL/kg for one minute, with a PPV increase ≥3.5%, suggests preload responsiveness.

• Benefits include simplicity and minimal equipment requirements.

• Threshold variability and false positives in ACP remain concerns.

• End-Expiratory Occlusion Test:

• A 15-second interruption of ventilation at end-expiration increases preload, and a rise in cardiac output ≥5% confirms preload responsiveness.